How normalisation factors influence the interpretations of 3D-printed sensors for electroanalysis

The ability to produce electrodes through 3D-printing techniques for use in sensing applications has significant potential. This is mainly due the mass production of at any desired geometry. However, comparing different 3D-printed carbon electroanalytical performance can be challenging variation each conductive printed material. study investigates normalisations that could applied compare between electrodes. We compared black and graphene monitoring three important biological analytes (dopamine, ascorbic acid hydrogen peroxide). These 3D have loads surface profiles, therefore we utilised eight approaches normalising current response. There was no perfect normalisation technique using a combination survey best performing electrode would better approach. showcases possible methods highlights impact these on interpretation measurement.